If you’ve ever tuned into a CB (Citizens Band) radio conversation, you’ve probably heard someone say things like “10-4” (that means “okay”) or “What’s your 10-20?” (asking where you are). These are called 10 codes, and they’re a big part of CB radio culture.
But if you jump over to the world of ham radio, those 10 codes disappear. Instead, hams use something called Q codes. What are they? And why don’t hams use 10 codes like CB users do?
Let’s break it all down—with a few easy charts to help you see the difference.
🔤 What Are Q Codes?
Q codes are three-letter codes that start with “Q.” They were made to help people communicate quickly, especially when using Morse code or when signals are weak. They’re also helpful for international communication because the meanings are the same everywhere.
📊 Common Q Codes (Used in Ham Radio)
| Q Code | Meaning (as a question) | Meaning (as a statement) |
| QTH | Where is your location? | My location is… |
| QSL | Can you confirm receipt? | I confirm I received your message. |
| QRZ | Who is calling me? | Someone is calling you. |
| QRM | Are you getting interference? | I’m experiencing interference. |
| QRN | Is there static on the signal? | There’s static on the signal. |
| QRP | Should I reduce power? | I’m using low power. |
| QRO | Should I increase power? | I’m using high power. |
| QSY | Should I change frequency? | I’m changing frequency to… |
🛑 Why Don’t Hams Use 10 Codes?
Here’s why ham radio operators steer clear of 10 codes:
- They’re Not Consistent – The meanings can change depending on where you are or who you’re talking to.
- Ham Radio Is Global – Q codes are understood worldwide. That’s not true for 10 codes.
- Plain Language Is Preferred – Especially in emergencies, hams are encouraged to speak clearly and avoid slang.
- Different Cultures – CB is more casual and local. Ham is more structured, technical, and international.
📊 Common 10 Codes (Used in CB Radio)
| 10 Code | Meaning |
| 10-1 | Can’t hear you |
| 10-4 | Okay / Message received |
| 10-7 | Out of service / Signing off |
| 10-9 | Repeat your message |
| 10-10 | Transmission completed |
| 10-20 | What’s your location? |
| 10-33 | Emergency traffic |
| 10-100 | Need to use the restroom 🚽 |
Note: 10 codes can vary by region and agency, which is part of the reason hams don’t rely on them.
🗣️ Do I Have to Use Q Codes?
Nope! On voice channels, most hams just speak normally. But Q codes are still helpful:
- When signals are weak
- During Morse code (CW) contacts
- In nets or contests
- When you want to be quick and clear
🧭 Wrapping It All Up
CB radio and ham radio each have their own vibe—and that’s okay! In ham radio, we use Q codes and plain English so everyone, everywhere, can understand. If you’re learning the ropes, just focus on being clear, friendly, and respectful. You’ll fit right in.
73 and happy hamming! 🎙️
KF8CRS 
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